| H00029 | |
| H number | H00029 |
| Name | Vulvar cancer |
| Description | Vulvar cancer is a relatively uncommon malignancy, occurring at a rate of 2.2 per 100,000 women per year. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of vulvar cancer and is observed in 80% to 90% of cases. There are at least two quite different types of SCC of the vulva. The less common, accounting for about one-third of cases, occurs in relatively young women, is usually preceded by the undifferentiated form of vulvar squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; the more frequent form develops in elderly patients, is not commonly associated with undifferentiated VIN but is frequently associated with differentiated VIN, lichen sclerosus or squamous hyperplasia, and is generally not linked to HPV infection. Relatively little is known about molecular changes in the genesis of vulvar cancer. Some studies suggest that early p53 mutation may be a defining step only in HPV-negative tumors. A rather small study suggests that mutation in phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is an early change in a substantial subset of vulvar carcinomas. |
| Category | Cancer |
| Network | - |
| Gene | PTEN (mutation) [HSA:5728] [KO:K01110] p53 (mutation) [HSA:7157] [KO:K04451] |
| Pathogen | Human papillomavirus type 16 [GN:T40087] Human papillomavirus type 18 [GN:T40088] |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Imiquimod [DR:D02500] Recombinant adsorbed quadrivalent human papillomavirus virus-like particle vaccine [DR:D10192] Human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine, recombinant [DR:D11863] |
| Comment | - |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: 2C70 ICD-10: C51 MeSH: D014846 |
| Reference | PMID:12605639 AUTHORS Fox H, Wells M TITLE Recent advances in the pathology of the vulva. JOURNAL Histopathology 42:209-16 (2003) DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01578.x PMID:19286150 AUTHORS Lanneau GS, Argenta PA, Lanneau MS, Riffenburgh RH, Gold MA, McMeekin DS, Webster N, Judson PL TITLE Vulvar cancer in young women: demographic features and outcome evaluation. JOURNAL Am J Obstet Gynecol 200:645.e1-5 (2009) DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.01.014 PMID:10955808 AUTHORS Holway AH, Rieger-Christ KM, Miner WR, Cain JW, Dugan JM, Pezza JA, Silverman ML, Shapter A, McLellan R, Summerhayes IC. TITLE Somatic mutation of PTEN in vulvar cancer. JOURNAL Clin Cancer Res 6:3228-35 (2000) PMID:11156383 AUTHORS Brooks LA, Tidy JA, Gusterson B, Hiller L, O'Nions J, Gasco M, Marin MC, Farrell PJ, Kaelin WG Jr, Crook T. TITLE Preferential retention of codon 72 arginine p53 in squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva occurs in cancers positive and negative for human papillomavirus. JOURNAL Cancer Res 60:6875-7 (2000) PMID:15203746 AUTHORS Marjoniemi VM. TITLE Immunohistochemistry in gynaecological pathology: a review. JOURNAL Pathology 36:109-19 (2004) DOI:10.1080/00313020410001671948 PMID:11281434 AUTHORS Severson J, Evans TY, Lee P, Chan T, Arany I, Tyring SK. TITLE Human papillomavirus infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapy. JOURNAL J Cutan Med Surg 5:43-60 (2001) DOI:10.1177/120347540100500110 PMID:1311142 AUTHORS Daling JR, Sherman KJ, Hislop TG, Maden C, Mandelson MT, Beckmann AM, Weiss NS. TITLE Cigarette smoking and the risk of anogenital cancer. JOURNAL Am J Epidemiol 135:180-9 (1992) DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116270 PMID:16062089 AUTHORS Patel P, Moazzam N, Potti A, Mehdi SA. TITLE Azathioprine induced hodgkin lymphoma: a case report and review of literature. JOURNAL Am J Clin Oncol 28:427-8 (2005) DOI:10.1097/01.coc.0000168670.28659.8d PMID:12605088 AUTHORS Nucci MR, Castrillon DH, Bai H, Quade BJ, Ince TA, Genest DR, Lee KR, Mutter GL, Crum CP. TITLE Biomarkers in diagnostic obstetric and gynecologic pathology: a review. JOURNAL Adv Anat Pathol 10:55-68 (2003) DOI:10.1097/00125480-200303000-00001 |