| H00044 | |
| H number | H00044 |
| Name | Cancer of the anal canal |
| Description | Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal accounts for 1.5 per cent of all digestive system cancers in the USA, with an estimated 4,660 new cases and 660 deaths in 2006. Epidemiological and molecular-biology studies have now shown that sexually transmitted infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important aetiological agent. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is also associated with anal cancer. HPV infection is transient in most immunocompetent individuals, but HIV-positive patients have evidence of persistent HPV infection within the anal canal. Current data suggest that mutations in p53, DCC and APC tumor suppressor genes contribute to the stepwise progression of anal squamous cell carcinoma in immunocompetent individuals. |
| Category | Cancer |
| Network | - |
| Gene | p53 (mutation) [HSA:7157] [KO:K04451] DCC (mutation) [HSA:1630] [KO:K06765] APC (mutation) [HSA:324] [KO:K02085] |
| Pathogen | Human papillomavirus type 16 [GN:T40087] Human papillomavirus type 18 [GN:T40088] |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Recombinant adsorbed quadrivalent human papillomavirus virus-like particle vaccine [DR:D10192] Human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine, recombinant [DR:D11863] |
| Comment | - |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: 2C00 ICD-10: C21 MeSH: D001005 |
| Reference | PMID:16607677 AUTHORS Gervaz P, Hirschel B, Morel P. TITLE Molecular biology of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. JOURNAL Br J Surg 93:531-8 (2006) DOI:10.1002/bjs.5376 PMID:12947531 AUTHORS Gervaz P, Allal AS, Villiger P, Buhler L, Morel P. TITLE Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus: another sexually transmitted disease. JOURNAL Swiss Med Wkly 133:353-9 (2003) PMID:11281434 AUTHORS Severson J, Evans TY, Lee P, Chan T, Arany I, Tyring SK. TITLE Human papillomavirus infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapy. JOURNAL J Cutan Med Surg 5:43-60 (2001) DOI:10.1177/120347540100500110 PMID:1311142 AUTHORS Daling JR, Sherman KJ, Hislop TG, Maden C, Mandelson MT, Beckmann AM, Weiss NS. TITLE Cigarette smoking and the risk of anogenital cancer. JOURNAL Am J Epidemiol 135:180-9 (1992) DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116270 PMID:17255774 AUTHORS Owens SR, Greenson JK. TITLE Immunohistochemical staining for p63 is useful in the diagnosis of anal squamous cell carcinomas. JOURNAL Am J Surg Pathol 31:285-90 (2007) DOI:10.1097/01.pas.0000213362.10756.d3 PMID:9372374 AUTHORS Indinnimeo M, Reale MG, Cicchini C, Stazi A, Fiori E, Izzo P. TITLE CEA, TPA, CA 19-9, SCC and CYFRA at diagnosis and in the follow-up of anal canal tumors. JOURNAL Int Surg 82:275-9 (1997) |