| H00361 | |
| H number | H00361 |
| Name | Malaria |
| Description | Malaria, the most common parasitic disease in the world, is caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted by female Anopheline mosquitoes. Plasmodium infections result in a spectrum of clinical effects, including asymptomatic parasitemia, severe malaria, and death. Most severe cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa. In severe malaria, complications such as anemia, respiratory distress, renal failure, and cerebral malaria are observed in addition to cyclical fevers. |
| Category | Parasitic infectious disease DIS_PATHWAY hsa05144 Malaria |
| Network | - |
| Gene | ACKR1 (protection) [HSA:2532] [KO:K06574] CD36 (susceptibility/reduced risk) [HSA:948] [KO:K06259] CISH (susceptibility) [HSA:1154] [KO:K04701] CR1 (resistance) [HSA:1378] [KO:K04011] FCGR2A (susceptibility) [HSA:2212] [KO:K06472] FCGR2B (resistance) [HSA:2213] [KO:K12560] G6PD (resistance) [HSA:2539] [KO:K00036] GYPA (resistance) [HSA:2993] [KO:K06575] GYPB (resistance) [HSA:2994] [KO:K20925] GYPC (resistance) [HSA:2995] [KO:K06576] HBB (resistance) [HSA:3043] [KO:K13823] ICAM1 (susceptibility) [HSA:3383] [KO:K06490] NOS2 (resistance) [HSA:4843] [KO:K13241] SLC4A1 (resistance) [HSA:6521] [KO:K06573] TIRAP (protection) [HSA:114609] [KO:K05403] TNF (susceptibility) [HSA:7124] [KO:K03156] |
| Pathogen | Plasmodium falciparum [GN:pfa pfd pfh] (Falciparum malaria) Plasmodium vivax [GN:pvx] (Vivax malaria) Plasmodium knowlesi H [GN:pkn] Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Doxycycline hyclate [DR:D02129] Doxycycline calcium [DR:D03903] Sulfadiazine [DR:D00587] Chloroquine phosphate [DR:D02125] Hydroxychloroquine sulfate [DR:D02114] Primaquine phosphate [DR:D02126] Tafenoquine succinate [DR:D10670] Atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride [DR:D02472] Quinine sulfate [DR:D02262] Mefloquine hydrochloride [DR:D00831] Pyrimethamine [DR:D00488] Artesunate [DR:D02482] Artemether and lumefantrine [DR:D02484] |
| Comment | Vector: Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) [GN:aga] |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: 1F40 1F41 1F42 1F43 ICD-10: B50 B51 B52 B53 MeSH: D008288 MedlinePlus: 000621 OMIM: 611162 |
| Reference | PMID:23088834 AUTHORS Antinori S, Galimberti L, Milazzo L, Corbellino M TITLE Plasmodium knowlesi: the emerging zoonotic malaria parasite. JOURNAL Acta Trop 125:191-201 (2013) DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.10.008 PMID:30712767 AUTHORS Plewes K, Leopold SJ, Kingston HWF, Dondorp AM TITLE Malaria: What's New in the Management of Malaria? JOURNAL Infect Dis Clin North Am 33:39-60 (2019) DOI:10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.002 PMID:10570183 (ACKR1) AUTHORS Zimmerman PA, Woolley I, Masinde GL, Miller SM, McNamara DT, Hazlett F, Mgone CS, Alpers MP, Genton B, Boatin BA, Kazura JW TITLE Emergence of FY*A(null) in a Plasmodium vivax-endemic region of Papua New Guinea. JOURNAL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:13973-7 (1999) DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.24.13973 PMID:10890433 (CD36) AUTHORS Aitman TJ, Cooper LD, Norsworthy PJ, Wahid FN, Gray JK, Curtis BR, McKeigue PM, Kwiatkowski D, Greenwood BM, Snow RW, Hill AV, Scott J TITLE Malaria susceptibility and CD36 mutation. JOURNAL Nature 405:1015-6 (2000) DOI:10.1038/35016636 PMID:20484391 (CISH) AUTHORS Khor CC, Vannberg FO, Chapman SJ, Guo H, Wong SH, Walley AJ, Vukcevic D, Rautanen A, Mills TC, Chang KC, Kam KM, Crampin AC, Ngwira B, Leung CC, Tam CM, Chan CY, Sung JJ, Yew WW, Toh KY, Tay SK, Kwiatkowski D, Lienhardt C, Hien TT, Day NP, Peshu N, Marsh K, Maitland K, Scott JA, Williams TN, Berkley JA, Floyd S, Tang NL, Fine PE, Goh DL, Hill AV TITLE CISH and susceptibility to infectious diseases. JOURNAL N Engl J Med 362:2092-101 (2010) DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa0905606 PMID:18954261 (CR1) AUTHORS Teeranaipong P, Ohashi J, Patarapotikul J, Kimura R, Nuchnoi P, Hananantachai H, Naka I, Putaporntip C, Jongwutiwes S, Tokunaga K TITLE A functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in the CR1 promoter region contributes to protection against cerebral malaria. JOURNAL J Infect Dis 198:1880-91 (2008) DOI:10.1086/593338 PMID:12421634 (FCGR2A) AUTHORS Omi K, Ohashi J, Patarapotikul J, Hananantachai H, Naka I, Looareesuwan S, Tokunaga K TITLE Fcgamma receptor IIA and IIIB polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. JOURNAL Parasitol Int 51:361-6 (2002) DOI:10.1016/s1383-5769(02)00040-5 PMID:17435165 (FCGR2B) AUTHORS Clatworthy MR, Willcocks L, Urban B, Langhorne J, Williams TN, Peshu N, Watkins NA, Floto RA, Smith KG TITLE Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated defects in the inhibitory receptor FcgammaRIIb reduce susceptibility to malaria. JOURNAL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:7169-74 (2007) DOI:10.1073/pnas.0608889104 PMID:13682585 (G6PD) AUTHORS ALLISON AC, CLYDE DF TITLE Malaria in African children with deficient erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. JOURNAL Br Med J 1:1346-9 (1961) DOI:10.1136/bmj.1.5236.1346 PMID:26416757 (GYPA GYPB GYPC) AUTHORS Band G, Rockett KA, Spencer CC, Kwiatkowski DP TITLE A novel locus of resistance to severe malaria in a region of ancient balancing selection. JOURNAL Nature 526:253-7 (2015) DOI:10.1038/nature15390 PMID:11713529 (HBB) AUTHORS Modiano D, Luoni G, Sirima BS, Simpore J, Verra F, Konate A, Rastrelli E, Olivieri A, Calissano C, Paganotti GM, D'Urbano L, Sanou I, Sawadogo A, Modiano G, Coluzzi M TITLE Haemoglobin C protects against clinical Plasmodium falciparum malaria. JOURNAL Nature 414:305-8 (2001) DOI:10.1038/35104556 PMID:9259284 (ICAM1) AUTHORS Fernandez-Reyes D, Craig AG, Kyes SA, Peshu N, Snow RW, Berendt AR, Marsh K, Newbold CI TITLE A high frequency African coding polymorphism in the N-terminal domain of ICAM-1 predisposing to cerebral malaria in Kenya. JOURNAL Hum Mol Genet 6:1357-60 (1997) DOI:10.1093/hmg/6.8.1357 PMID:9457101 (NOS2) AUTHORS Kun JF, Mordmuller B, Lell B, Lehman LG, Luckner D, Kremsner PG TITLE Polymorphism in promoter region of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and protection against malaria. JOURNAL Lancet 351:265-6 (1998) DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)78273-8 PMID:10403343 (SLC4A1) AUTHORS Allen SJ, O'Donnell A, Alexander ND, Mgone CS, Peto TE, Clegg JB, Alpers MP, Weatherall DJ TITLE Prevention of cerebral malaria in children in Papua New Guinea by southeast Asian ovalocytosis band 3. JOURNAL Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:1056-60 (1999) DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.1056 PMID:17322885 (TIRAP) AUTHORS Khor CC, Chapman SJ, Vannberg FO, Dunne A, Murphy C, Ling EY, Frodsham AJ, Walley AJ, Kyrieleis O, Khan A, Aucan C, Segal S, Moore CE, Knox K, Campbell SJ, Lienhardt C, Scott A, Aaby P, Sow OY, Grignani RT, Sillah J, Sirugo G, Peshu N, Williams TN, Maitland K, Davies RJ, Kwiatkowski DP, Day NP, Yala D, Crook DW, Marsh K, Berkley JA, O'Neill LA, Hill AV TITLE A Mal functional variant is associated with protection against invasive pneumococcal disease, bacteremia, malaria and tuberculosis. JOURNAL Nat Genet 39:523-8 (2007) DOI:10.1038/ng1976 PMID:7935762 (TNF) AUTHORS McGuire W, Hill AV, Allsopp CE, Greenwood BM, Kwiatkowski D TITLE Variation in the TNF-alpha promoter region associated with susceptibility to cerebral malaria. JOURNAL Nature 371:508-10 (1994) DOI:10.1038/371508a0 |