| H01862 | |
| H number | H01862 |
| Name | Hypoparathyroidism |
| Description | Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia resulting from insufficient or defective parathyroid hormone (PTH) action. PTH is a key calcium regulating hormone essential for calcium homeostasis, vitamin D-dependant calcium absorption, renal calcium reabsorption and renal phosphate clearance. Hypocalcemic patients can present with a wide range of symptoms, including fatigue, cramping, tetany, seizures and congestive heart failure. Mild chronic hypocalcemia can be asymptomatic. The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is iatrogenic in the setting of anterior neck surgery. Hypoparathyroidism may be due to congenital or acquired disorders. Causes include autoimmune diseases, genetic abnormalities, destruction or infiltrative disorders of the parathyroids. Hypoparathyroidism may be further classified as isolated or syndromic. Genetic syndromes with hypoparathyroidism include DiGeorge syndrome (H01524), HDR syndrome (H01271), Kenny-Caffey syndrome (H00619), Kearns-Sayre syndrome (H01355), and so on. Isolated hypoparathyroidism has been reported as apparently sporadic, or as a familial trait with either autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X chromosome-linked inheritance. Mutations in the preproPTH gene have been described in both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. And a mutation of the parathyroid-specific transcription factor GCMB (GCM2) gene has also been reported in autosomal recessive hypoparathyroidism. Oral calcium and vitamin D analogs are critical in the treatment of hypocalcemia. |
| Category | Endocrine and metabolic disease |
| Network | nt06318 CaSR-PTH signaling |
| Gene | PTH [HSA:5741] [KO:K05261] GCM2 [HSA:9247] [KO:K21598] |
| Pathogen | - |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Calcitriol [DR:D00129] Parathyroid hormone (human) [DR:D05364] |
| Comment | See also H01524 DiGeorge syndrome, H01271 HDR syndrome, H00619 Kenny-Caffey syndrome, and H01355 Kearns-Sayre syndrome. |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: 5A50 ICD-10: E20 MeSH: D007011 OMIM: 146200 |
| Reference | PMID:15728199 AUTHORS Thomee C, Schubert SW, Parma J, Le PQ, Hashemolhosseini S, Wegner M, Abramowicz MJ TITLE GCMB mutation in familial isolated hypoparathyroidism with residual secretion of parathyroid hormone. JOURNAL J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2487-92 (2005) DOI:10.1210/jc.2004-2450 PMID:2212001 AUTHORS Arnold A, Horst SA, Gardella TJ, Baba H, Levine MA, Kronenberg HM TITLE Mutation of the signal peptide-encoding region of the preproparathyroid hormone gene in familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. JOURNAL J Clin Invest 86:1084-7 (1990) DOI:10.1172/JCI114811 PMID:11602629 AUTHORS Ding C, Buckingham B, Levine MA TITLE Familial isolated hypoparathyroidism caused by a mutation in the gene for the transcription factor GCMB. JOURNAL J Clin Invest 108:1215-20 (2001) DOI:10.1172/JCI13180 PMID:22863393 AUTHORS Al-Azem H, Khan AA TITLE Hypoparathyroidism. JOURNAL Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 26:517-22 (2012) DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2012.01.004 |