| H00010 | |
| H number | H00010 |
| Name | Multiple myeloma |
| Description | Multiple myeloma is a disorder in which malignant plasma cells accumulate, generally derived from one clone in the bone marrow. Intricate interactions occur between the bone-marrow microenvironment and the myeloma cells, frequently causing bone destruction, which in turn stimulates tumor growth. Often it is preceded by a premalignant tumor called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Multiple oncogenic events have been identified that have contributed to the pathogenesis of myeloma. Among the earliest genetic events are translocations of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene locus, which leads to dysregulation of oncogenes at translocation partner regions (cyclin D1 at 11q13, FGFR3/MMSET at 4p16.3, c-MAF at 16q23, and cyclin D3 at 6p21), and deletions of 13q14, the site of a putative tumor suppressor gene. Additional molecular events include epigenetic changes and activation of oncogenes (mutations of N-RAS and K-RAS, and changes in c-MYC), which are usually associated with disease progression. |
| Category | Cancer |
| Network | - |
| Gene | CCND1-IgH (translocation) [HSA:595] [KO:K04503] CCND3-IgH (translocation) [HSA:896] [KO:K10152] IgH-FGFR3 (translocation) [HSA:2261] [KO:K05094] IgH-MMSET (translocation) [HSA:7468] [KO:K11424] IgH-MAF (translocation) [HSA:4094] [KO:K09035] N-ras (activating mutation) [HSA:4893] [KO:K07828] K-ras (activating mutation) [HSA:3845] [KO:K07827] c-MYC (dysregulation) [HSA:4609] [KO:K04377] p53 (mutation) [HSA:7157] [KO:K04451] |
| Pathogen | - |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Cyclophosphamide [DR:D00287] Melphalan [DR:D00369] Melphalan hydrochloride [DR:D08173] Melphalan flufenamide hydrochloride [DR:D11870] Carmustine [DR:D00254] Doxorubicin hydrochloride [DR:D01275] Daratumumab [DR:D10777] Daratumumab and hyaluronidase [DR:D11967] Isatuximab [DR:D11050] Elotuzumab [DR:D09337] Belantamab mafodotin [DR:D11595] Bortezomib [DR:D03150] Carfilzomib [DR:D08880] Ixazomib citrate [DR:D10131] Panobinostat lactate [DR:D10019] Ciltacabtagene autoleucel [DR:D12315] Idecabtagene vicleucel [DR:D11556] Selinexor [DR:D11222] Plerixafor [DR:D08971] Thalidomide [DR:D00754] Lenalidomide [DR:D04687] Pomalidomide [DR:D08976] Zoledronic acid [DR:D01968] Denosumab [DR:D03684] Elranatamab [DR:D12058] Teclistamab [DR:D12177] Talquetamab [DR:D12180] |
| Comment | - |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: 2A83.1 ICD-10: C90.0 MeSH: D009101 |
| Reference | PMID:15031034 AUTHORS Sirohi B, Powles R TITLE Multiple myeloma. JOURNAL Lancet 363:875-87 (2004) DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15736-X PMID:12965277 AUTHORS Seidl S, Kaufmann H, Drach J TITLE New insights into the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma. JOURNAL Lancet Oncol 4:557-64 (2003) DOI:10.1016/S1470-2045(03)01195-1 PMID:12358886 AUTHORS Joy Ho P TITLE Chromosomal and genetic abnormalities in myeloma. JOURNAL Clin Lab Haematol 24:259-69 (2002) DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2257.2002.00456.x PMID:16155016 AUTHORS Bergsagel PL, Kuehl WM. TITLE Molecular pathogenesis and a consequent classification of multiple myeloma. JOURNAL J Clin Oncol 23:6333-8 (2005) DOI:10.1200/JCO.2005.05.021 PMID:12370633 AUTHORS Podczaski E, Cain J. TITLE Multiple myeloma. JOURNAL Clin Obstet Gynecol 45:928-38 (2002) DOI:10.1097/00003081-200209000-00038 PMID:9414264 AUTHORS Hallek M, Bergsagel PL, Anderson KC. TITLE Multiple myeloma: increasing evidence for a multistep transformation process. JOURNAL Blood 91:3-21 (1998) PMID:11607813 AUTHORS Bergsagel PL, Kuehl WM TITLE Chromosome translocations in multiple myeloma. JOURNAL Oncogene 20:5611-22 (2001) DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1204641 |