| H00031 | |
| H number | H00031 |
| Name | Breast cancer |
| Description | Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch, Wnt/beta-catenin, and EGFR) have been confirmed. |
| Category | Cancer DIS_PATHWAY hsa05224 Breast cancer |
| Network | nt06270 Breast cancer nt06506(H00031) Double-strand break repair nt06508(H00031) Interstrand crosslink repair nt06530(H00031) PI3K signaling |
| Gene | BRCA1 (germline mutation, hypermethylation) [HSA:672] [KO:K10605] BRCA2 [HSA:675] [KO:K08775] BARD1 [HSA:580] [KO:K10683] BRIP1 [HSA:83990] [KO:K15362] PALB2 [HSA:79728] [KO:K10897] RAD51 [HSA:5888] [KO:K04482] RAD54L [HSA:8438] [KO:K10875] XRCC3 [HSA:7517] [KO:K10880] ERBB2/HER2 (overexpression) [HSA:2064] [KO:K05083] ESR1/ER1 [HSA:2099] [KO:K08550] PGR [HSA:5241] [KO:K08556] GATA3 [HSA:2625] [KO:K17895] PIK3CA [HSA:5290] [KO:K00922] TP53 [HSA:7157] [KO:K04451] PPM1D [HSA:8493] [KO:K10147] RB1CC1 [HSA:9821] [KO:K17589] HMMR [HSA:3161] [KO:K06267] NQO2 [HSA:4835] [KO:K08071] SLC22A18 [HSA:5002] [KO:K08214] PTEN [HSA:5728] [KO:K01110] EGFR (overexpression) [HSA:1956] [KO:K04361] KIT (overexpression) [HSA:3815] [KO:K05091] NOTCH1 (overexpression) [HSA:4851] [KO:K02599] NOTCH4 (overexpression) [HSA:4855] [KO:K20996] FZD7 (overexpression) [HSA:8324] [KO:K02432] LRP6 (overexpression) [HSA:4040] [KO:K03068] FGFR1 (amplification) [HSA:2260] [KO:K04362] CCND1 (amplification) [HSA:595] [KO:K04503] |
| Pathogen | - |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Fluoxymesterone [DR:D00327] Methyltestosterone [DR:D00408] Testosterone enanthate [DR:D00958] Cyclophosphamide [DR:D00287] Thiotepa [DR:D00583] Methotrexate sodium [DR:D02115] Gemcitabine hydrochloride [DR:D01155] Capecitabine [DR:D01223] Vinblastine sulfate [DR:D01068] Paclitaxel [DR:D00491] Docetaxel [DR:D07866] Docetaxel [DR:D02165] Doxorubicin hydrochloride [DR:D01275] Epirubicin hydrochloride [DR:D02214] Ixabepilone [DR:D04645] Palbociclib [DR:D10372] (HR positive, HER2 negative) Ribociclib succinate [DR:D10979] (HR-positive, HER2-negative) Abemaciclib [DR:D10688] (HR positive, HER2 negative) Everolimus [DR:D02714] (HR positive, HER2 negative) Lapatinib ditosylate [DR:D04024] (HER2 overexpressing) Neratinib maleate [DR:D10898] (HER2 positive) Tucatinib [DR:D11141] (HER2 positive) Alpelisib [DR:D11011] (HR-positive, HER2-negative, PIK3CA-mutated) Trastuzumab [DR:D03257] (HER2 overexpressing) Trastuzumab and hyaluronidase [DR:D11560] (HER2 overexpressing or ER/PR negative) Pertuzumab [DR:D05446] (HER2 positive) Trastuzumab emtansine [DR:D09980] (HER2 positive) Trastuzumab deruxtecan [DR:D11529] (HER2 positive) Margetuximab [DR:D10446] (HER2 positive) Pembrolizumab [DR:D10574] (triple-negative, PD-L1 expressed) Atezolizumab [DR:D10773] (PD-L1 expressed, HR negative, HER2 negative) Sacituzumab govitecan [DR:D10985] (triple negative) Olaparib [DR:D09730] (BRCA-mutated, HER2-negative) Talazoparib tosylate [DR:D10733] (BRCA mutated, HER2 negative) Eribulin mesylate [DR:D08914] Pertuzumab, trastuzumab and hyaluronidase [DR:D11934] Goserelin acetate [DR:D00573] Tamoxifen citrate [DR:D00966] (ER-positive) Toremifene citrate [DR:D00967] (ER-positive) Fulvestrant [DR:D01161] (HR positive, HER2 negative) Anastrozole [DR:D00960] (HR-positive or HR-unknown) Letrozole [DR:D00964] (HR-positive) Exemestane [DR:D00963] (ER-positive) Estrogens, esterified [DR:D04071] Letrozole and ribociclib [DR:D11068] (HR positive, HER2 negative) Elacestrant hydrochloride [DR:D11672] (ER-positive, HER2 negative, ESR1-mutated) |
| Comment | - |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: 2C61 ICD-10: C50 MeSH: D001943 OMIM: 114480 |
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