| H01450 | |
| H number | H01450 |
| Name | Obsessive-compulsive disorder |
| Description | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent, intrusive and disturbing thoughts as well as by repetitive stereotypic behaviors. OCD is a complex disorder and its pathogenesis is most likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Although more than 140 candidate gene studies have been conducted, the findings have been inconclusive due to small sample size and few study replications. Many studies suggest that abnormal serotonergic neurotransmission is one of the most consistent biological findings in OCD. Studies have also reported dopaminergic abnormalities in the basal ganglia and nucleus accumbens, as well as altered glutamate transmission. First line treatments for this disorder are cognitive behavioral therapy (exposure and response prevention) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In recent years, one of the promising novel treatment strategies developed to improve the efficacy of treatment for patients with OCD is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Recent studies have suggested that age of onset is an important factor in subtyping OCD. Early-onset OCD has been proposed to be associated with greater symptom severity, a higher prevalence of tic-related disorders, a more familial form of the condition, and a greater prevalence of psychiatry disorders in first-degree relatives as compared to late-onset OCD. |
| Category | Mental and behavioural disorder |
| Network | - |
| Gene | BDNF (polymorphism) [HSA:627] [KO:K04355] HTR2A (promoter polymorphism) [HSA:3356] [KO:K04157] SLC6A4 (polymorphism) [HSA:6532] [KO:K05037] COMT (polymorphism) [HSA:1312] [KO:K00545] MAOA (polymorphism) [HSA:4128] [KO:K00274] SLC1A1 (polymorphism) [HSA:6505] [KO:K05612] DRD4 (polymorphism) [HSA:1815] [KO:K04147] |
| Pathogen | - |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Clomipramine hydrochloride [DR:D00811] Fluoxetine hydrochloride [DR:D00823] Paroxetine hydrochloride [DR:D05374] Paroxetine mesylate [DR:D05375] Sertraline hydrochloride [DR:D00825] Fluvoxamine maleate [DR:D00824] |
| Comment | For Tourette syndrome, see H00862. |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: 6B20 ICD-10: F42 MeSH: D009771 OMIM: 164230 |
| Reference | PMID:21820387 AUTHORS Taylor S TITLE Early versus late onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence for distinct subtypes. JOURNAL Clin Psychol Rev 31:1083-100 (2011) DOI:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.06.007 PMID:19432385 AUTHORS Leckman JF, Bloch MH, King RA TITLE Symptom dimensions and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a developmental perspective. JOURNAL Dialogues Clin Neurosci 11:21-33 (2009) PMID:22911909 AUTHORS Tukel R, Gurvit H, Ozata B, Ozturk N, Ertekin BA, Ertekin E, Baran B, Kalem SA, Buyukgok D, Direskeneli GS TITLE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene Val66Met polymorphism and cognitive function in obsessive-compulsive disorder. JOURNAL Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 159B:850-8 (2012) DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.32092 PMID:12476319 AUTHORS Walitza S, Wewetzer C, Warnke A, Gerlach M, Geller F, Gerber G, Gorg T, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Schulz E, Remschmidt H, Hebebrand J, Hinney A TITLE 5-HT2A promoter polymorphism -1438G/A in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorders. JOURNAL Mol Psychiatry 7:1054-7 (2002) DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001105 PMID:16642437 AUTHORS Hu XZ, Lipsky RH, Zhu G, Akhtar LA, Taubman J, Greenberg BD, Xu K, Arnold PD, Richter MA, Kennedy JL, Murphy DL, Goldman D TITLE Serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function genotypes are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. JOURNAL Am J Hum Genet 78:815-26 (2006) DOI:10.1086/503850 PMID:25793616 AUTHORS Sampaio AS, Hounie AG, Petribu K, Cappi C, Morais I, Vallada H, do Rosario MC, Stewart SE, Fargeness J, Mathews C, Arnold P, Hanna GL, Richter M, Kennedy J, Fontenelle L, de Braganca Pereira CA, Pauls DL, Miguel EC TITLE COMT and MAO-A polymorphisms and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a family-based association study. JOURNAL PLoS One 10:e0119592 (2015) DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0119592 PMID:16818867 AUTHORS Dickel DE, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Cox NJ, Wu X, Fischer DJ, Van Etten-Lee M, Himle JA, Leventhal BL, Cook EH Jr, Hanna GL TITLE Association testing of the positional and functional candidate gene SLC1A1/EAAC1 in early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. JOURNAL Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:778-85 (2006) DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.778 PMID:12497615 AUTHORS Millet B, Chabane N, Delorme R, Leboyer M, Leroy S, Poirier MF, Bourdel MC, Mouren-Simeoni MC, Rouillon F, Loo H, Krebs MO TITLE Association between the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene and obsessive-compulsive disorder. JOURNAL Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 116B:55-9 (2003) DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.10034 PMID:26288647 (treatment) AUTHORS Vakili Y, Gharaee B, Habibi M TITLE Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Their Combination in the Improvement of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Experiential Avoidance in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. JOURNAL Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci 9:e845 (2015) DOI:10.17795/ijpbs845 PMID:16585942 (treatment) AUTHORS Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Kelmendi B, Coric V, Bracken MB, Leckman JF TITLE A systematic review: antipsychotic augmentation with treatment refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. JOURNAL Mol Psychiatry 11:622-32 (2006) DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001823 |