| H01633 | |
| H number | H01633 |
| Name | High blood pressure; Hypertension |
| Description | High blood pressure (hypertension) is the most frequent classic cardiovascular risk factor and accounts for a large proportion of cardiovascular mortality, the main cause of death worldwide. Hypertension is generally classified as primary (essential) or secondary. Essential hypertension (EH) is the most common diagnosis in this disease, suggesting that a monocausal etiology has not been identified. However, a number of risk factors associated with EH have also been identified such as age, sex, demographic, environmental, genetic, and vascular factors. Secondary hypertension generally has an earlier age at onset, no family history, and a clear cause such as a renal or endocrine disorder, or an iatrogenic trigger, such as use of oral contraceptives. Blood pressure is a heritable trait; an estimated 30% of variance in blood pressure relates to genetic factors. Understanding of the genetic architecture of traits has progressed in rare mendelian hypertensive phenotypes, such as Gordon's syndrome. |
| Category | Cardiovascular disease |
| Network | - |
| Gene | CYP11B2 [HSA:1585] [KO:K07433] CYP11B1 [HSA:1584] [KO:K00497] HSD11B2 [HSA:3291] [KO:K00071] NR3C2 [HSA:4306] [KO:K08555] SCNN1B [HSA:6338] [KO:K04825] SCNN1G [HSA:6340] [KO:K04827] |
| Pathogen | - |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Methyldopa [DR:D00405] Clonidine hydrochloride [DR:D00604] Guanfacine hydrochloride [DR:D00606] Mecamylamine hydrochloride [DR:D00611] Prazosin hydrochloride [DR:D00609] Doxazosin mesylate [DR:D00608] Hydralazine hydrochloride [DR:D01302] Minoxidil [DR:D00418] Methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10267] Clonidine and chlorthalidone [DR:D10591] Hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D00340] Chlorothiazide [DR:D00519] Methyclothiazide [DR:D00656] Chlorthalidone [DR:D00272] Indapamide [DR:D00345] Furosemide [DR:D00331] Torsemide [DR:D00382] Spironolactone [DR:D00443] Eplerenone [DR:D01115] Hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene [DR:D10269] Spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10270] Amiloride hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10271] Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride [DR:D00507] Diltiazem hydrochloride [DR:D00616] Pindolol [DR:D00513] Propranolol hydrochloride [DR:D00483] Nadolol [DR:D00432] Metoprolol tartrate [DR:D00601] Metoprolol succinate [DR:D00635] Atenolol [DR:D00235] Acebutolol hydrochloride [DR:D00597] Betaxolol hydrochloride [DR:D00598] Bisoprolol fumarate [DR:D00634] Esmolol hydrochloride [DR:D00644] Nebivolol hydrochloride [DR:D06622] Labetalol hydrochloride [DR:D00600] Carvedilol [DR:D00255] Carvedilol phosphate [DR:D03415] Propranolol hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10274] Nadolol and bendroflumethiazide [DR:D10272] Metoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10273] Bisoprolol fumarate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10275] Atenolol and chlorthalidone [DR:D10592] Amlodipine besylate [DR:D00615] Amlodipine benzoate [DR:D11881] Felodipine [DR:D00319] Isradipine [DR:D00349] Nicardipine hydrochloride [DR:D00617] Nifedipine [DR:D00437] Nisoldipine [DR:D00618] Clevidipine [DR:D08892] Levamlodipine maleate [DR:D11723] Amlodipine and celecoxib [DR:D11705] Verapamil hydrochloride [DR:D00619] Captopril [DR:D00251] Enalapril maleate [DR:D00621] Lisinopril [DR:D00362] Perindopril erbumine [DR:D00624] Ramipril [DR:D00421] Quinapril hydrochloride [DR:D00459] Benazepril hydrochloride [DR:D00620] Fosinopril sodium [DR:D00622] Trandolapril [DR:D00383] Moexipril hydrochloride [DR:D00623] Captopril and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10276] Enalapril maleate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10277] Hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril [DR:D10268] Quinapril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10278] Benazepril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10279] Fosinopril and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10280] Moexipril hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10281] Perindopril and amlodipine [DR:D11581] Trandolapril and verapamil hydrochloride [DR:D10282] Amlodipine and benazepril [DR:D11069] Losartan potassium [DR:D00357] Eprosartan mesylate [DR:D02082] Valsartan [DR:D00400] Irbesartan [DR:D00523] Candesartan cilexetil [DR:D00626] Telmisartan [DR:D00627] Olmesartan medoxomil [DR:D01204] Azilsartan medoxomil [DR:D08067] Azilsartan kamedoxomil [DR:D08865] Losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D07895] Eprosartan mesylate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10283] Valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D09197] Irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10249] Candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D09196] Telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D09219] Olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10284] Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone [DR:D10589] Valsartan and amlodipine besilate [DR:D09745] Amlodipine besylate and olmesartan medoxomil [DR:D10285] Telmisartan and amlodipine besilate [DR:D09743] Amlodipine, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10286] Olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine besylate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10288] Nebivolol and valsartan [DR:D11388] Aliskiren fumarate [DR:D06412] Aliskiren hemifumarate and hydrochlorothiazide [DR:D10289] Amlodipine besilate and atorvastatin calcium [DR:D08488] Terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous [DR:D11585] Enalaprilat [DR:D03769] Methyldopate hydrochloride [DR:D04997] |
| Comment | - |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: BA00 ICD-10: I10 MeSH: D006973 |
| Reference | AUTHORS Foex P, Sear JW. TITLE Hypertension: pathophysiology and treatment. JOURNAL Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain 4:71-75 (2004) DOI:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkh020 PMID:25832858 AUTHORS Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Caulfield M TITLE Hypertension. JOURNAL Lancet 386:801-12 (2015) DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61468-9 PMID:27028574 AUTHORS Singh M, Singh AK, Pandey P, Chandra S, Singh KA, Gambhir IS TITLE Molecular genetics of essential hypertension. JOURNAL Clin Exp Hypertens 38:268-77 (2016) DOI:10.3109/10641963.2015.1116543 PMID:23303660 AUTHORS Ehret GB, Caulfield MJ TITLE Genes for blood pressure: an opportunity to understand hypertension. JOURNAL Eur Heart J 34:951-61 (2013) DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs455 |