| H01895 | |
| H number | H01895 |
| Name | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
| Description | Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder first diagnosed in childhood and frequently persistent throughout adult life. The disorder is classically characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Many children with ADHD go on to have problems related to education, social functioning, and/or other mental illness as adolescents and young adults. Although heritability estimates are consistently high, ADHD is a genetically complex disorder characterized by multifactorial inheritance involving numerous genes of moderate effect. Reports implicate variants of genes important for the synthesis, uptake, transport and receptor binding of dopamine in the etiology of ADHD. And interaction between the dopamine and serotonin systems has been implicated in both the pathophysiology of ADHD and the mechanism of action of widely used stimulant compounds. |
| Category | Mental and behavioural disorder |
| Network | - |
| Gene | (ADHD) DRD5 [HSA:1816] [KO:K05840] (ADHD) DRD4 [HSA:1815] [KO:K04147] (ADHD7) TPH2 [HSA:121278] [KO:K00502] (ADHD8) CDH2 [HSA:1000] [KO:K06736] |
| Pathogen | - |
| Env factor | - |
| Carcinogen | - |
| Drug | Guanfacine hydrochloride [DR:D00606] Viloxazine hydrochloride [DR:D02572] Amfetamine [DR:D07445] Amphetamine sulfate [DR:D02074] Dextroamphetamine [DR:D03740] Dextroamphetamine sulfate [DR:D02078] Methamphetamine hydrochloride [DR:D02242] Methylphenidate [DR:D04999] Methylphenidate hydrochloride [DR:D01296] Atomoxetine hydrochloride [DR:D02574] Dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride [DR:D03721] Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate [DR:D04747] Serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate [DR:D11989] Amphetamine aspartate, amphetamine sulfate, dextroamphetamine saccharate and dextroamphetamine sulfate [DR:D11624] |
| Comment | - |
| Other DBs | ICD-11: 6A05 ICD-10: F90.0 MeSH: D001289 OMIM: 143465 613003 619957 |
| Reference | PMID:24214656 AUTHORS Matthews M, Nigg JT, Fair DA TITLE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. JOURNAL Curr Top Behav Neurosci 16:235-66 (2014) DOI:10.1007/7854_2013_249 PMID:24627974 AUTHORS Roskell NS, Setyawan J, Zimovetz EA, Hodgkins P TITLE Systematic evidence synthesis of treatments for ADHD in children and adolescents: indirect treatment comparisons of lisdexamfetamine with methylphenidate and atomoxetine. JOURNAL Curr Med Res Opin 30:1673-85 (2014) DOI:10.1185/03007995.2014.904772 PMID:26170637 AUTHORS Bello NT TITLE Clinical utility of guanfacine extended release in the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. JOURNAL Patient Prefer Adherence 9:877-85 (2015) DOI:10.2147/PPA.S73167 PMID:14699430 (ADHD) AUTHORS Kustanovich V, Ishii J, Crawford L, Yang M, McGough JJ, McCracken JT, Smalley SL, Nelson SF TITLE Transmission disequilibrium testing of dopamine-related candidate gene polymorphisms in ADHD: confirmation of association of ADHD with DRD4 and DRD5. JOURNAL Mol Psychiatry 9:711-7 (2004) DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001466 PMID:16116490 (ADHD7) AUTHORS Walitza S, Renner TJ, Dempfle A, Konrad K, Wewetzer Ch, Halbach A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Remschmidt H, Smidt J, Linder M, Flierl L, Knolker U, Friedel S, Schafer H, Gross C, Hebebrand J, Warnke A, Lesch KP TITLE Transmission disequilibrium of polymorphic variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JOURNAL Mol Psychiatry 10:1126-32 (2005) DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001734 PMID:34702855 (ADHD8) AUTHORS Halperin D, Stavsky A, Kadir R, Drabkin M, Wormser O, Yogev Y, Dolgin V, Proskorovski-Ohayon R, Perez Y, Nudelman H, Stoler O, Rotblat B, Lifschytz T, Lotan A, Meiri G, Gitler D, Birk OS TITLE CDH2 mutation affecting N-cadherin function causes attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in humans and mice. JOURNAL Nat Commun 12:6187 (2021) DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26426-1 |